PC assemble

Subtitle

Elkey lopez

ACT-a (pm)

mabati,makulit at simple tao lng aq


the introduction PC Trouble Shooting

Description

Don't spend your hard-earned cash on expensive PC repairs! The vast majority of the problems people experience with their computers are completely avoidable, and most can be solved with nothing more than a few minutes of your time.Intro to PC Troubleshooting takes you step by step through the typical hardware and operating system problems encountered by technicians, teaching troubleshooting techniques to decipher any problem, and giving you the skills you need to solve them. Once you've mastered the basics, the course launches into some of the more advanced and nasty problems that crop up in the PC, teaching you how to diagnose and fix those problems as well! Finally, Intro to PC Troubleshooting shows you how to maintain and optimize a Windows PC. So what are you waiting for? Let's troubleshoot - and fix - some PCs!

I. 30 Basic Parts of Computer
              PartsofComputer                                                                                                       Meaning
  1. Drawing Tablet                                                                                           It is use for drawing in the computer. 
  2. Mouse                                                                                                          An input device that is most often used with a personal computer. 
  3. Webcam                                                                                                      A video camera that feeds or streams its image in real time to or through a computer to computer network. 
  4. Joystick                                                                                                        It’s allow you to play games easily.  
  5. Trackball                                                                                                      A mouse that is up side down of the mouse. 
  6. Barcode Scanner                                                                                       It scan the barcode.
  7. System Unit                                                                                                The enclosure that contains the main components of a computer.
  8. Microphone                                                           An instrument for converting sound waves into electrical energy variations, which may then be amplified,transmitted, or recorded.
  9. Fingerprint Scanner                                                                                   A scanner that scan a fingerprint then make it into digital image. 
  10. Keyboard                                                                                                      is used mainly for typing text into your computer. 
  11. Light Pen                                              A handheld, pen like photosensitive device held to the display screen of a computer terminal for passing information to the computer. 
  12. AVR                                                                                        It gives power to the computer and it regulate the voltage. 
  13. Monitor                                                                                  displays information in visual form, using text and graphics. 
  14. Printer                                                                                     transfers data from a computer into paper.
  15. Speakers                                                                               are used to play sound.
  16. Modem                                                                                   To connect your computer to the Internet,
  17. Scanner                                                                         It scan image, picture, and text, and convert it into digital image.
  18. Digital Camera                                             A digital camera (or digicam) is a camera that encodes digital images and videos digitally and stores them for later reproduction.
  19. Touch Screen       is an electronic visual display that the user can control through simple or multi-touch gesture by touching the screen with a special stylus/pen and-or one or more fingers.
  20.  Eye Scanner              A biometric technique that uses the unique patterns on a person's retina blood vessels.  
  21.   Touch Pad               A pointing device featuring a tactile sensor, a specialized surface that can translate the motion and position of a user's fingers to a relative position on the operating system that is outputted to the screen.
  22.  Plotter                is a computer printer for printing vector graphics.
  23.   Projector            An object that is used to project rays of light, especially an apparatus with a system of lenses for projecting slides or film into a screen. 
  24. Headphone         A pair of earphones typically joined by a band placed over the head, for listening to audio signals such as music or speech.
  25.  Braille Embosser    A braille embosser is an impact printer that renders text as tactile braille cells.
  26. Navigation System       A navigation system is a (usually electronic) system that aids in navigation.
  27. Micro SD              is one of the smallest memory card formats available.
  28.  Headset              To hear the music with a microphone.
  29.  Flash Drive          A  small electronic device containing flash memory that is used for storing data or transferring it to or from a computer, digital camera, etc. 
  30.  External HD            A portable storage device that can be attached to a computer through a USB or FireWire connection, or wirelessly. 




       

II. Input , Output , Storage devices

Input device

is a peripheral (piece of computer hardware equipment) used to provide data and control signals to an information processing system such as a computer or other information appliance.

Input device            Meaning 
  1. Drawing Tablet    It is use for drawing in the computer.
  2. Mouse     An input device that is most often used with a personal computer.  
  3. Webcam   A video camera that feeds or streams its image in real time to or through a computer to computer network
  4.  Joystick    It’s allow you to play games easily.
  5. Trackball   A mouse that is up side down of the mouse.
  6. Barcode Scanner   It scan the barcode.
  7. Microphone  An instrument for converting sound waves into electrical energy variations, which may then be amplified, transmitted, or recorded.
  8. Fingerprint Scanner  A scanner that scan a fingerprint then make it into digital image.
  9. Keyboard   A panel of keys that operate a computer.
  10. Light Pen   A handheld, pen like photosensitive device held to the display screen of a computer terminal for passing information to the computer.
  11. Scanner  It scan image, picture, and text, and convert it into digital image.
  12. Digital Camera  A digital camera (or digicam) is a camera that encodes digital images and videos digitally and stores them for later reproduction.
  13. Touch Screen   A touchscreen is an electronic visual display that the user can control through simple or multi-touch gesture by touching the screen with a special stylus/pen and-or one or more fingers.
  14.  Eye Scanner    A biometric technique that uses the unique patterns on a person's retina blood vessels.
  15. Touch Pad    A pointing device featuring a tactile sensor, a specialized surface that can translate the motion and position of a user's fingers to a relative position on the operating system that is outputted to the screen.


Output device

is any piece of computer hardware equipment used to communicate the results of data processing carried out by an information processing system (such as a computer) which converts the electronically generated information into human-readable form.

Output device                       Meaning

  1.  Printer    It can print text, documents, and picture in a bond paper.
  2.  Monitor    An output device that show image.
  3. Headset     To hear the music with a microphone.
  4. MODEM      A modem (modulator-demodulator) is a device that modulates signals to encode digital information and demodulates signals to decode the transmitted information.
  5.  Speaker  it’s external to a computer, that disable the lower fidelity built-in speaker.
  6.  Plotter  is a computer printer for printing vector graphics. 
  7. Projector    An object that is used to project rays of light, especially an apparatus with a system of lenses for projecting slides or film into a screen.
  8. Headphone   A pair of earphones typically joined by a band placed over the head, for listening to audio signals such as music or speech.
  9. Braille Embosser   A braille embosser is an impact printer that renders text as tactile braille cells.
  10. Navigation System   A navigation system is a (usually electronic) system that aids in navigation. 

Storage device

is a device for recording (storing) information (data). Recording can be done using virtually any form of energy, spanning from manual muscle power in handwriting, to acoustic vibrations in phonographic recording, to electromagnetic energy modulating magnetic tape and optical discs.

Storage device                Meaning
  1. External HD     A portable storage device that can be attached to a computer through a USB or FireWire connection, or wirelessly.
  2.  Flash Drive    A  small electronic device containing flash memory that is used for storing data or transferring it to or from a computer, digital camera, etc.
  3. Micro SD    is one of the smallest memory card formats available.
  4. Software Design Document (SDD)   A written description of a software product, that a software designer writes in order to give a software development team overall guidance to the architecture of the software project.
  5. Hard Disk Drive   The mechanism that controls the positioning, reading, and writing of the hard disk, which furnishes the largest amount of data storage for the PC.

III. Parts of Mother Board

A main board (sometimes alternatively known as the motherboard, system board, planar board or logic board, or colloquially, a mobo) is the main printed circuit board (PCB) found in computers and other expandable systems. It holds many of the crucial electronic components of the system, such as the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, and provides connectors for other peripherals. Unlike a back plane, a motherboard contains significant sub-systems such as the processor and other components.

Parts

Northbridge 

 

IDE Connctor

DRAM Memory Slot 



ATX Power Connector


CPU Socket
AGP Slot
Southbridge


PCI Slot


CMOS Backup battery


CPU Fan and Heatsink

Meaning

 A northbridge or host bridge is a microchip on some PC motherboards and is connected directly to the CPU (unlike the southbridge) and thus responsible for tasks that require the highest performance. The northbridge is usually paired with a southbridge, also known as I/O controller hub.

IDE is more commonly known as ATA or Parallel ATA (PATA) and is a standard interface for IBM compatible hard drives.

Allows computer memory (RAM) to be inserted into the computer. Depending on the motherboard, there may be 2 to 4 memory slots (sometimes more on high-end motherboards) and are what determine the type of RAM used with the computer.

Replacement for the older P8 and P9 AT style connector, this connector is one of the largest connectors inside your computer that connects the computer power supply to an ATX style motherboard.

A connection that allows a computer processors to be connected to a motherboard.

An advanced port designed for Video cards and 3D accelerators.

An integrated circuit on the motherboard that is responsible for the hard drive controller, I/O controller and integrated hardware such as sound card, video card if present on the motherboard, USB, PCI, ISA, IDE, BIOS, and Ethernet.

Peripheral Component Interconnect, PCI was introduced by Intel in 1992. The PCI bus came in both 32-bit (133MBps) and 64-bit versions and was used to attach hardware to a computer.

Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor is an on-board, battery powered semiconductor chip inside computers that stores information. This information ranges from the system time and date to system hardware settings for your computer.

An electronic device that incorporates either a fan or a peltier device to keep a hot component such as a processor cool.

IV. Front and Back Panel

A system unit is the part of a computer that houses the primary devices that perform operations and produce results for complex calculations. It includes the motherboard, CPU, RAM and other components, as well as the case in which these devices are housed. This unit is also known as a chassis or a tower in layman's terms, and it performs the majority of the functions that a computer is required to do.

Front Panel

Back Panel

PARTS
MEANING
DVD/RW DRIVER
Is the generic name; drives are usually described as "CD" "DVD", or "Blu-ray", followed by "drive", "writer", etc. Optical disc drives are an integral part of stand-alone consumer appliances such as CD players, DVD players and DVD recorders.
Optional Drive Bay
  A standard-sized area for adding hardware to a computer. Most drive bays are fixed to the inside of a case, but some can be removed.
Headphone Jack 
  A small round connector for accepting the pin-shaped plug from a standard pair of music headphones.
Microphone Jack
    A common family of connector typically used for analog signals, primarily audio.
USB
  Universal Serial Bus (USB) is an industry standard developed in the mid-1990s that defines the cables, connectors and communications protocols used in a bus for connection, communication, and power supply between computers and electronic devices.
IEEE 1394
  An interface standard for a serial bus for high-speed communications and isochronous real-time data transfer. An interface standard for a serial bus for high-speed communications and isochronous real-time data transfer.
Reset Switch
  A button that can reset a device. On video game consoles, the reset button restarts the game, losing the player's unsaved progress.
Power Button
  is the button, usually round or square, that powers on and off an electronic device.
 Power Indicator LED 
  It indicates if the system unit is open.
Hard Disk Drive Activity LED
   It indicates if the hard disk drive is functioning.
PARTS
 MEANING
AC Power Inlet
  An electromechanical component used in electrical appliances, integrating the appliance inlet with other components.
AC Power Switch
  —An electronic power supply that incorporates a switching regulator to convert electrical power efficiently.
  DVI-D
  A DVI-D connector on a graphics card sends out a digital signal only.
   DVI-I
  DVI-I connector, which carries both an analog and digital signal, can send out a digital signal (for digital displays such as flat panel LCD monitors) as well as analog signal (for older displays such as a CRT monitor) using a DVI to VGA adaptor shown below.
   eSATA
  A combination connection for external storage devices. An eSATA or USB device can be plugged into an eSATAp port.
  Expasion Slot
  A place in a computer where an expansion card can be inserted.
  Headphone Jack
  A small round connector for accepting the pin-shaped plug from a standard pair of music headphones.
  Microphone Jack
  A common family of connector typically used for analog signals, primarily audio.
  IEEE 1394a
  An interface standard for a serial bus for high-speed communications and isochronous real-time data transfer
  USB
  An industry standard developed in the mid-1990s that defines the cables, connectors and communications protocols used in a bus for connection, communication, and power supply between computers and electronic devices
  Kensington Lock Slot
   A small, metal-reinforced hole found commonly on small or portable computers and electronics equipment such as laptops, computer monitors, desktop computers, gaming consoles, and video projectors.
  Line-in
  It connect a music player or other audio device.
  Network 
   It connect a network device that connect to the server or internet.  It connect a network device that connect to the server or internet.
  Padlock Ring
  A portable or detachable lock with a pivoted or sliding shackle that can be passed through a link, ring, staple, or the like. 2. to fasten with or as with a padlock.
  Side Panel Latch
  The side panels on the frame section are additionally screw-fastened from the inside with latching brackets.

V. Parts of Hard Disk Drive

is a data storage device used for storing and retrieving digital information using rapidly rotating disks (platters) coated with magnetic material. An HDD retains its data even when powered off. Data is read in a random-access manner, meaning individual blocks of data can be stored or retrieved in any order rather than sequentially. An HDD consists of one or more rigid ("hard") rapidly rotating disks (platters) with magnetic heads arranged on a moving actuator arm to read and write data to the surfaces.

Parts

 Meaning

Platter


Spindle

Actuator Arm



Actuator



Power Connector

SATA Connector 



Jumpers

 

One or more aluminum, glass, or ceramic disk that is coated in a magnetic media and is located within a hard drive to permanently store all your computer's data.
 A post that holds a reel of magnetic tape or CDs.
 Is in every mechanical hard drive; similar in appearance to the arm of a record player. As the platter spins, the access arm adjusts the read/write heads to facilitate the reading, writing, or deletion of information.
is an electronic device controlled by a motor that moves the hard drive head arm. 
In the past, the actuator within a hard drive was controlled by a stepper motor. 
It provide a power that come from the power supply.
is capable of delivering 1.5Gbps (1500MBps) of performance to each drive within a disk array, offers backwards compatibility for existing ATA and ATAPI devices, and offers a thin, small cable solution as seen in the picture.
Jumpers allow the computer to close an electrical circuit, allowing the electricity to flow certain sections of the circuit board.



VI. Parts of Mouse (Optical and Mechanical)

In computing, a mouse is a pointing device that detects two-dimensional motion relative to a surface. This motion is typically translated into the motion of a pointer on a display, which allows for fine control of a graphical user interface.

External Parts of Mouse

Parts

Scroll Wheel


Right Click 


Left Click


PS/2 Connector


USB Connector

 Meaning

you can use it to scroll through documents and webpages. To scroll down, roll the wheel backward (toward you). To scroll up, roll the wheel forward (away from you).
 A term used to describe the action of clicking the right mouse button. The right-click enables a user to perform commonly performed tasks.
 A term used to describe the action of pressing a mouse button (usually the left mouse button if the mouse has two buttons) one or more times.
is a 6-pin mini-DIN connector used for connecting some keyboards and mice to a PC compatible computer system.
The USB cable connection carries digital information from the mouse to your computer.

Internal Parts Of Mouse

Mechanical Mouse

Parts
Meaning
Encoder
  is a hardware device or software program used to take data from one source into another.
  Right and Left Switch
  Switch detects clicks of left mouse button and right mouse button.
   Ball
Heavy rubber wheel.
  Forward/Backward Roller
  Y-axis wheel turns when you move mouse up and down
  Side to Side Roller
   X-axis wheel turns when you move mouse left and right.
    Circuit Board
  A printed circuit board (PCB) mechanically supports and electrically connects electronic components using conductive tracks, pads and other features etched from copper sheets laminated onto a non-conductive substrate.
   Scroll Wheel
  The scroll wheel at the front of the mouse is mounted on a switch mechanism that detects both how much it's rotated and whether you've pressed it.

Optical Mouse

Parts
 Meaning     
LED
  An LED at the back generates red light and shines it horizontally, from the back of the mouse toward the front (from the left to the right of this photo).
Prism
  A plastic prism bends (refracts) the light from the LED at an angle, down onto the desk.
 Light Detector Chip
  A light-detector chip measures light reflected back up from the desk, converting the analog movements of your hand into digital signals that can be sent to your computer.
  Scroll Wheel
   The scroll wheel at the front of the mouse is mounted on a switch mechanism that detects both how much it's rotated and whether you've pressed it.
  Microswitch
  A microswitch detects when you press the right mouse button. There's an identical switch on the other side to detect the left mouse button.
  Circuit Board
  A printed circuit board (PCB) mechanically supports and electrically connects electronic components using conductive tracks, pads and other features etched from copper sheets laminated onto a non-conductive substrate.

VII. Parts of Flash Drive

A USB flash drive, also known under a variety of other names, is a data storage device that includes flash memory with an integrated Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface. USB flash drives are typically removable and rewritable, and physically much smaller than an optical disc. Most weigh less than 30 grams (1.1 oz). As of January 2013, drives of up to 512 gigabytes (GB) were available. A one-terabyte (TB) drive was unveiled at the 2013 Consumer Electronics Show and became available later that year. Storage capacities as large as 2 TB are planned, with steady improvements in size and price per capacity expected. Some allow up to 100,000 write/erase cycles, depending on the exact type of memory chip used, and have a 10-year shelf storage time.

Parts

  • Standard-A USB plug – provides a physical interface to the host computer.
  • USB mass storage controller – a small microcontroller with a small amount of on-chip ROM and RAM.
  •  Test point is a location within an electronic circuit that is used to either monitor the state of the circuitry or to inject test signals.
  • Flash memory is an electronic non-volatile computer storage medium that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed.
  • Crystal oscillator – produces the device's main 12 MHz clock signal and controls the device's data output through a phase-locked loop.
  • Light-emitting diode (LED) - is a two-lead semiconductor light source. It is a pn-junction diode, which emits light when activated. When a suitable voltage is applied to the leads, electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons.
  • Write protection - is any physical mechanism that prevents modification or erasure of valuable data on a device. Most commercial software, audio and video is sold pre-protected.
  • Space for second flash memory chip - an open space for memory

VIII. Occupational Health and Safety / Scientific Method of PC Troubleshooting

A. Occupational Health and Safety

  1. Always Discharge yourself before touching any parts of the computer
  2. Be careful with tools that may cause short circuit.
  3. Wear rubber sole shoes when standing on the ground.
  4. Always power off and unplug the computer.
  5. When making circuit changes switch off and unplug the power cord from the equipment then discharge the capacitors.
  6. Replace only fuses with those proper rating.
  7. Hold the components by the edges and do not touch the IC's.
  8. Read and follow the manual carefully.
  9. Do not use excessive force if things don't quite slip into place

B. Scientific Method of Troubleshooting

  • Gather Information
  • State the Problem
  • Form a Hypothesis
  • Observe Results and Draw Conclusions
  • Repeat as Necessary

XI.Computrer Hand tools

Flat head screwdriver

 - used to loosen or tighten slotted screws.

Philips head screwdriver

 - used to loosen or tighten cross-head screws.

Anti Static Wrist Band

-is a device used safety ground a person working on very sensitive electronic equipment.

Flashlight - used to light up areas that you cannot see well.

crimping tool- is a tool designed to crimp or connect a connector to the end of a cable.

Needle-nose plier
 - used to hold small parts.


Wire cutter

 - used to strip and cut wires.

Mechanical pliers

-are pliers that are used in mechanical jobs

Multi-tester -used to test the integrity of circuits and the quality of electricity in computer components.
soldering iron is a 
hand tool used in soldering.

X.Basic Problem  Trouble Shooting in  PC assembly

  • My computer is too slow
  • My machine keeps restarting
  • An application is running slowly 
  • An application is frozen
  • The computer is frozen
  • power bottom will not start computer
  • mouse or key broad has stopped working
  • sound is not working
  • The screen is black

XI. Dis-assemble / Assemble

A.Dis-assemble

  1. Power Supply
  2. CD/DVD ROM
  3. Floppy Disk Drive
  4. Hard Disk Drive
  5. Zip Drive
  6. IDE Connector
  7. LAN Card
  8. Video Card
  9. SD/DDR Memory Card
  10. Motherboard

B.Assemble

  1. Motherboard
  2. SD/DDR Memory Card
  3. Video Card
  4. LAN Card
  5. IDE Connector
  6. Zip Drive
  7. Hard Disk Drive
  8. Floppy Disk Drive
  9. CD/DVD ROM
  10. Power Supply
PARTS
 MEANING
Power Supply
  is an electronic device that supplies electric energy to an electrical load. The primary function of a power supply is to convert one form of electrical energy to another and, as a result, power supplies are sometimes referred to as electric power converters.
  CD/DVD ROM
  Is the generic name; drives are usually described as "CD" "DVD", or "Blu-ray", followed by "drive", "writer", etc. Optical disc drives are an integral part of stand-alone consumer appliances such as CD players, DVD players and DVD recorders.
   Floppy Disk Drive
  is magnetic storage medium for computer systems. The floppy disk is composed of a thin and flexible magnetic disk sealed in a square plastic carrier.
  Hard Disk Drive
   Zip Drive
  A disk drive that stores data on high-capacity removable magnetic disks, often used for data backup.
  IDE Connector
  is more commonly known as ATA or Parallel ATA (PATA) and is a standard interface for IBM compatible hard drives.
   LAN Card
   A network interface controller (NIC, also known as a network interface card, network adapter, LAN adapter, and by similar terms) is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network.
   Video Card
  A printed circuit board controlling output to a display screen.
   Memory Card
  A small, flat flash drive used especially in digital cameras and cell phones.
  Motherboard
  A main board (sometimes alternatively known as the motherboard, system board, planar board or logic board, or colloquially, a mobo) is the main printed circuit board (PCB) found in computers and other expandable systems.